Dr. It looks like a credit card and allows visitors save time and money during their stay. See all there is in Lisbon with 2 Buses Tours, 1 Tram and 1 Boat Tour. from $21. 10% Discount. Ask Priscilla F about Lisbon All-in-One Hop-On Hop-Off Bus and Tram Tour with River Cruise. 72h or 96h ticket validity. Access Services. Click here for Live Bus Tracking. It then passes through the multi-cultural district of Mouraria before climbing the long hill into Alfama. Fares. Lisbon Sightseeing – Gray Line offers bus tours for 24, 48, or 72-hours. Additional information: YELLOW has 14 stops and the total trip duration for this route is approximately 30 minutes. Combo ticket: Porto Vintage + Tram ticket + Funicular ticket. Taylor's Wine Cellar - Vila Nova de Gaia Lagoa do Fogo Tour Surf Lesson Bus and Boat Oceanarium + Belém and Modern Lisbon Bus Tour 2 in 1 - Funchal & Câmara de Lobos The Dynamic Eye - A Tate Colection. Select the English version then 'Bus Lines' (yes) then you will see a list of route with the trams at the top eg 15E. 17 Nazaré. 11639. Audioguide in 12 languages. Find us at the at the Praça do Comércio Yellow Bus Kiosk (9. Yellow Bus Tours - Lisboa, Praça do Comércio, Lisbon, Portugal. Can't decide, seems like both red and yellow lines have same routes, but wory about how many buses, and. 1. Skip to main contentYellow Bus Tours: Yellow Bus Hop On Hop Off - See 2,969 traveler reviews, 610 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. Yellow Bus Tour Service Alerts. Here are a few tips to help you avoid crowds. The number 28 tram in Lisbon connects Martim Moniz with Campo Ourique, and passes through the popular tourist districts of Alfama, Baixa, Estrela and Graca. Sightseeing bus tours + Famous Tram 28 route on a red historical tramcar. g Use the blue bus at 10. Group Rentals Safe Tours FAQ Complaint Book. Another option is to take bus 728. Book Now . The famous yellow icon of Lisbon takes its route through the popular tourist areas of Graca, Alfama, Baixa and Estrela. US$ 15. 25% off Yellow Bus Tour Tickets. This sign tells where a stop is located on the route of Lisbon’s Tram 28. Strongly consider riding in the opposite. Carris - Transportes Públicos de Lisboa | Page 628 | SkyscraperCity Forum. Let’s now get to know more about these famous Lisbon tram routes below. BUS. 00pm) or contact Yellow Bus Customer Service- (+351) 218 503 225 (9. Start time. Tramcar tour: 10 am- 6pm, every 30 minutes. Yellow Bus Tour YB ferry Route Map - Yellow Boat River Tour. Lisbon is a. Surf Lesson Bus and Boat Oceanarium + Belém and Modern Lisbon Bus Tour Bus and Tram Taylor's Port - Wine Shop & Tasting Room Lisbon 3D Fun Art Museum Tuk-Tuk Tours Vintage Tours Fado in Chiado Pastel de Nata Pastry Class Benfica Gourmet Experience Yellow Boat Tour Walking Tour with Fado Show Benfica Experience All in One Discover. Yellow (Sunflower): Odivales – Rato. 48 hours. YB ferry Schedule. Lisbon yellow bus tourist map (Portugal) to download. 20 (US$ 1. The 24h ticket from the Aerobus is valid only on the 2 lines of the Aerobus, so not really an advantage. Acesso livre ao Elevador de Santa Justa, funiculares, elétricos públicos e. 50! We took a taxi to the first pickup point at Figueira which cost us. The Lisbon Metro opens at 6:30 am and closes at 1 am. Free Madeira Wine Tasting at Old Blandys Wine Lodge. Review of Lisbon Oceanarium and Belem and Modern Lisbon bus Hop On Hop Off Tours 48h. At the Portas do Sol, the route follows the 28 tram route downhill past the cathedral and back. The Lisbon tramway network ( Portuguese: Rede de elétricos de Lisboa) is a system of trams that serves Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Reviewed October 18, 2013. During World Youth Day, there will be several changes in the operation of public transport between August 1 and 6. Yellow Bus Tours: Yellow Bus Lisbon - See 3,016 traveler reviews, 611 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. 89 per person. Spatial validity: Lisbon’s Metropolitan Area: 4_18 e Sub_23 Lisboa: Free-----Valid in the municipality of Lisbon for all citizens, with tax domicile in the municipality of Lisbon and who are students, aged between 13 and 23. - 48-hour ticket to the three bus routes. from. in Grades 7 to 12 and live at least two kilometres away and Edmonton Transit Service (ETS) is not available. Lisbon Aquarium / Oceanário de Lisboa. Admin Login. We apologize for the inconvenience. The station is located in Marvila, at the intersection of Av. €36. 60 – 24-hour unlimited travel, which includes all Lisbon buses and trams. First bus 0650hrs weekdays and Saturdays, 0740hrs Sundays and Holidays Last bus 2205hrs weekdays, 2150hrs Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays. 60 – 24-hour unlimited travel, which includes all Lisbon buses and trams. Admire 360-degree views on a double-decker bus ride to Rossio Square and the Square of the Fig Tree along the Modern Lisbon route. See Lisbon’s top attractions on a hop-on hop-off combo tour, including four routes. It’s also usually a lot less busy at the end of the night 21:00 - 23:50 (9 pm - 11:30 pm). Three Aerobuses now run to and from Lisbon Airport: #1 Aerobus. Lisbon’s bright yellow buses are cheap, quick, and efficient. The Lisbon attractions map is downloadable in PDF, printable and free. Superb. Free access to Santa Justa lift, funiculars and public trams. Yellow Bus Tours. The next and last trip leaves Lisbon at 23:05. 00pm from the main hub located at Marquês de Pombal Square (blue and yellow metro lines). Lisbon: Follow the 28 Tram Route on a Private Tuk-Tuk. Book online now!Bus and Tram. Surf Lesson Bus and Boat Oceanarium + Belém and Modern Lisbon Bus Tour Bus and Tram Taylor's Port - Wine Shop & Tasting Room Lisbon 3D Fun Art Museum Tuk-Tuk. The former operate every day during the intervals when the daytime lines rest, while the latter operate only on weekends and the eve of public holidays. C$66. Porto has various city sightseeing bus tours. P US $ 29. We wanted a hop-on hop-off bus tour where we weren't rushed and so we opted for the 48 hour tickets with Yellow Bus, covering three routes. €36. City Sightseeing buses depart every 30 minutes between 9. For a quick, easy, and environmentally-conscious choice, travel with FlixBus. 40 that you can buy at the metro station. Hop on Hop off. Hills tour terminal is marked by two yellow flags. 64. Their most western stop is Torre De Belém (Lisboa) and the most eastern stop is Torre Vasco Da Gama / Hotel Myriad (Lisboa). Experience the atmosphere of Lisbon, Porto, Funchal, Prague and Coimbra from a different and original perspective with the Lisbon Yellow Bus tour. 07. One way by bus, tram, lift or metro – 1,50 €. Funchal & Câmara de Lobos Tour: 9am to 5pm. Zoom out: double click on the right-hand side of. Stops in Belém área, Nations Park & Oceanarium. Hop-on hop-off Belém Yellow Bus tour. • €1. Answer 1 of 2: Hi. Combo ticket: Hills Tramcar + Belém Lisbon Bus + Modern Lisbon Bus + Yellow Boat river cruise. Explore the old quarters through our free digital walking tour. 65 – Single Fare. From. You may book your tickets here: - 24-hour ticket to the tram route. There are two fare zones, but all of the tourist areas and the airport are within zone 1 (zone 2 covers the suburbs). Hop On Hop Off Yellow Bus in Lisbon, Portugal-Enjoy the comprehensive tour to Lisbon with this Yellow Bus Hop-on Hop-off tour. Lisbon tramway 28: timetables and tickets. Who We Are. I understand there are 2 routes the red and blue route. Ticket validity: 48h. St. 2. 16 Fátima. Departure Time: 9:30AM to 5:00PM (Every 45 minutes) Full Loop: 1 hour 40 minutes. City Sightseeing Lisbon. Skip the Line: Live Fado Show Ticket in Lisbon: 'Fado in Chiado'. You must cancel at least 24 hours before the start time of the activity to get a complete refund. Lisbon Bus Routes; Lisbon Trams; Lisbon's bright yellow buses are cheap, quick and efficient. With access to two bus loops, use of the city’s trams and funicular, and included tickets for the Aerobus to the Lisbon Airport, all your. To view the downloaded map, no internet connection is required. Yellow Bus Tours: Bus - See 2,823 traveler reviews, 595 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. Both buses are a hop on hop off system. Free access to Santa Justa lift & funiculars, public trams. You can hop on and off at any of the stops and enjoy the best of the city with this 24 or 48-hour ticket. Visit Lisbon on a double-decker bus from the historic city centre to the monumental area of. Yellow Bus Tour YB bus Route Schedule and Stops (Updated) The YB bus (Modern Lisbon Bus Tour) is a circular line with 10 stops departing from Praça Da Figueira. 20 stops. pt. 18. This was compared with just one yellow bus. It covers the areas from Martim Moniz square to Campo de Ourique. CARRISTUR shall not be held responsible for tickets loss or theft. Belem Bus Routes: Departure Location: Departures from Praça da Figueira. US $ 23. 1. 24-hour ticket for tram, metro, lifts, buses and ferries from. George's Castle (Castelo de Sao Jorge) - Crowning the hill where Lisbon's original settlers lived, the city's medieval castle is a successful and evocative reconstruction. 0 license, excluding photos, directions and the map. Tram 28 in Lisbon is a yellow electric carriage. Hop on Hop Off tour. Map of the Tram 28E route. Guide to the tram from the center of Lisbon to Belém, including map with the stops, schedule and ticket information. Typically 29 buses run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. Sign in. Free cancellation. Lisbon Yellow Boat River Hop-On Hop-Off Tour. Double-Decker Tour. Along the E28 route, delightful Remodelado trams trundle, and these retain many of their original 1930s features, including polished wood interiors, brass dials and cheery yellow paintwork. 00am-1. 78/ P. You can choose the option to include the hop-on hop-off boat in this package. FlixBus also operates overnight buses on select routes throughout Europe. Yellow Bus Tours: Interesting but… - See 3,158 traveler reviews, 615 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. 3. The journey takes 2h10min. 72h or 96h ticket validity. City sightseeing hop-on-hop-off tour of Lisbon. Bus and Tram. Carris 728 bus Route Schedule and Stops (Updated) The 728 bus (Cais Sodré) has 36 stops departing from Portela - Av. There are departures every 20 or 30 minutes, until 5, 6 or 7pm, depending on the line and the season. Bus. Escape the crowds on land during a hop-on hop-off sightseeing cruise that allows you to discover Lisbon at your own pace. The E24 tram is the best way to travel around and explore Príncipe Real. 75/Ride. The trams in Lisbon are extremely popular. Up to 2h duration (each tour) 48h ticket validity. See a map of Lisbon, Portugal including Lisbon's main attractions. Route 2 Modern Madrid Extended. 15 Evora. Sometimes the classic tram or even a bus (marked "15E") is used on this route. 45 on first day then the 9. Distance – 630 km/391 mi from Lisbon to Santiago de Compostela (the Central Route from Porto), 650 km/403 mi on the Coastal Route from Porto. Hop On Hop Off. 98. 41. During this time period, it is possible to travel to any station in the same line,. 14 Cascais. Bus and Tram. Transportation Services. Review. Similar experiences. Adult. Guide to the Main Routes. The Historic Yellow Bus can take you to the heart of the greatest geyser region of Yellowstone or wildlife-rich areas like Hayden Valley and the Northern Range. Move across the map: shift your mouse across the map. Belém Lisbon and Modern Lisbon Bus Tour starts at Praça da Figueira. 24h ticket validity. Enjoy two hop-on hop-off bus routes, a vintage Tram tour and a Tagus River tour and check off a long list of Lisbon highlights. SAM is also the bus company that operates regular bus service to and from the airport. • €1. m. Trips Alerts Sign inMap of top 10 attractions in Lisbon. There are direct buses from Lisbon to Porto Covo/São Torpes Beach. Amazing experience with Yellow Bus in Lisbon! We got the “all-inclusive” package with the two bus tours, red trolley, ferry tour, and access to. YELLOW (Yellow) is operational during Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. Yellow Bus Tours: Yellow Bus Lisbon - See 3,152 traveler reviews, 615 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. €34. The original tour bus company of Lisbon operate the yellow buses and is a subsidiary of Carris the main bus and tram company of Lisbon. Bus and Tram. Yellow Bus Tours: Two main Routes - See 2,869 traveler reviews, 597 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. Meeting Point. Route & Stops. The heritage trams are small, nostalgic and an emblematic symbol of Lisbon, making for great photos. Surf Lesson Bus and Boat Oceanarium + Belém and Modern Lisbon Bus Tour Bus and Tram Taylor's Port - Wine Shop & Tasting Room Lisbon 3D Fun Art Museum Tuk-Tuk Tours Vintage Tours Fado in Chiado Pastel de Nata Pastry Class Benfica Gourmet Experience Yellow Boat Tour Walking Tour with Fado Show Benfica Experience All in One Discover. 60 for adults, €2 for children ages 4 to 10. After that, they shorten the route, and trams continue to depart from Graça until 11:10 pm. Departure Time: 9:30AM to 4:50PM (every 25 minutes), from 4:50PM to 7:00PM (every 45 minutes) Full Loop: 1 hour 40 minutes. Make the most of two different sightseeing routes; enjoy access to public trams, Aerobus, and the Santa Just Lift and Lisbon Funiculars; and receive a booklet of great-value discounts, special offers and freebies at bars,. Access to National Monuments: Santa Just Lift and Lisbon Funiculars during ticket validity. In operation since 1873, it presently comprises six lines. 72h or 96h ticket validity. Yellow Bus Tours: Dont get this bus, get the red one instead - See 2,875 traveler reviews, 597 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. Cabo Girão Tour: 10:30am - 4:50pm. Lisbon, the warmest capital of Europe, is a perfect year-round destination. These are good on all trams, buses, and the Metro. Combo ticket: Hills Tramcar + Belém Lisbon Bus + Modern Lisbon Bus tour. Adult. The reviews for the Yellow Bus Tour are very mixed but we thought that for the price it was worth the risk. The reviews for the Yellow Bus Tour are very mixed but we thought that for the price it was worth the risk. Aerobus is a transportation service which is active in Lisbon. and closes at 1:00 a. CP / Yellow bus; CP /Zoo;. yellowbus@carris. YELLOW BUS TOURS. Barbados Integrated Government Access. Tourist bus. Metro Bike. Belém Lisbon Bus Tour will show you the historic. It is a company that operates trams and buses in Lisbon. This can be very confusing to understand at first. Stops near all the major sights done. Porto Hop-On Hop-Off Tour with Optional River Cruise and Wine Tasting. Stops in Alfama, Bairro Alto and near the Castle. There is an audio guide in 14 languages, and a boat tour can be included when selected. Click image above to see the map. Find us at Yellow Bus Store (Rua do Infante D. 50–€2 or €6 for a day pass. TOUR DESCRIPTION Two panoramic bus tours on a single ticket. Belém and Modern Lisbon Hop on Hop off Bus Tour. Choose between 48 or 72-hour tickets to see Lisbon in an open-topped double-decker bus. Visitors using the tram early in the day (6 am - 8 am) can expect smaller than usual crowds on Tram 28. #3 Aerobus runs from Lisbon Airport to the bus station at Sete Rios (Sete Rios Coach Terminal) from Monday to Friday except public. The buses didn't run too frequently, but the boat tour ran on schedule and was great. This combo ticket also includes the Cálem Wine Cellar entrance, where you can learn about the history of Port wine and take part in a tasting session. per adult. The three lifts are called: Elevador do Lavra, Elevador da Glória, and Elevador da Bica. See why over 1. The authentic "mobile viewpoints" offer you a unique way to know 5 of the most beautiful Portuguese cities. Their Bus routes cover an area from the North (Lisboa) with a stop at Torre Vasco Da Gama / Hotel Myriad to the South (Lisboa) with a stop at Torre De Belém. At the Lisbon Hills Tramcar Tour stop you will find two yellow flags that mark the right stop. Bus Station. • €6. C$67. This card is the easiest way to make your trip cheaper, easier, more convenient and certainly more memorable. 48h ticket validity. Product Overview: Lisbon Hills Red Tram by Tram 28 route. 10) for children between 4 and 12. Free access to Santa Justa lift & funiculars, public trams and Aerobus. A single ride is €1. Bus: 3716. 00pm) or contact Yellow Bus Customer Service- (+351) 218 503 225 (9. Additional Information. . Instant confirmation E-Voucher. Hop-On Hop-Off Bus & TramCar: 48 hours. With a total of 170+ routes, buses can take you to a wide variety of destinations, including. 00am-6. Tickets cost €6 - €9 and the journey takes 1h 5m. Cheap buses to Lisbon, book tickets online compare travel options, prices and timetables. $32. 38. Sintra Parks / Parques de Sintra (Convento dos Capuchos, Parque de Monserrate & Castelo dos Mouros) -15%. 2 different routes: Historical Porto & Porto Castles. The bus will be going to MOSCAVIDE. Principais pontos e monumentos de Lisboa em autocarro panorâmico. Porto Metro opens every day at 6 am and the last train departs at 1 am. Porto Airport Bus transportation from Porto Francisco Sa Carneiro International Airport (OPO) to the city centre. Omio – Pulls in results from Rede. 40 that you can buy at the metro station. The bus trip to Belém will also take roughly 25 minutes. Skip to main content. Experience the compelling spectrum of Lisbon’s best sites during a convenient hop-on hop-off bus tour, with tickets valid for 48 hours. Oceanario de Lisboa Skip-the-Line Ticket. Explore Lisbon at your own pace with a 2-day pass for a hop-on hop-off bus tour that links up some of the city’s top destinations. Up to 2h duration (each tour)YELLOW (King Abdullah University) The first stop of the YELLOW bus route is Tamimi Supermarket and the last stop is Tamimi Supermarket. Main branch route: Restauradores - Campo Grande. - 48-hour ticket to the three bus routes and a cruise. 00 for a single trip, and may be purchased from the driver. The Lisbon metro ( Metropolitano de Lisboa) was the first subway system to open in Portugal and presently consists of four lines: Linha Azul (Blue Line), Linha Amarela (Yellow Line), Linha Verde (Green Line), Linha Vermelha (Red Line). The cheapest trip from Lisbon to Lagos was searched and found on Nov 22, 2023 with a price of $9. 25. 69. Yellow Bus Tours: 48 hours in Lisbon - See 3,159 traveler reviews, 615 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. On the reverse route, at departures, passengers travelling using these online reservation platforms are dropped off at Drop Off 1 or Drop Off 2, next to the departures area. Get it at Information centre. 07. And one of the buses can even be rented. . You can take bus or train to Fatima from Lisbon or Porto. Take the Yellow Bus Hop-on Hop-off trip for the ultimate Lisbon adventure. Review. from . -15%. Listen to commentary on your audio guide to learn about these famous monuments and the history of this impressive city. Please enter url. Start time. Hop on Hop off : You can Hop on at any of the stops. You can start the tour from any 'yellow' bus stop. 2. • €6. $53. Make the most of two different sightseeing routes; enjoy access to public trams, Aerobus, and the Santa Just Lift and Lisbon Funiculars; and receive a booklet of great-value discounts, special offers and freebies at bars, restaurants, and shops all around Lisbon. Show your smartphone ticket to the bus driver at any stop along the Belém Lisbon or Modern Lisbon Tour routes (depending on the ticket selected) You will receive a paper ticket for the bus. Yellow Bus Tours is an office in Santa Maria Maior, Lisbon. Buses nº 208, 705, 708, 722, 731, 744, 750 and 783: These bus lines will also take you to the Airport or to the city center from the Airport as you can see in Lisbon bus map. Please make sure you wait for the red tram at this stop. After our first day in Lisbon you will be free to enjoy the evening at your own pace. Lisbon Gray line bus; 4. Audio guide in 13 languages From. In addition to these experiences enjoy also the free access to public tram rides, and entrance to the Santa Just Lift and Lisbon funiculars, as well as discounts to monuments, museums, and activities. How to Board & Exit The Tram. 50! We took a taxi to the first pickup point at Figueira which cost us. Yellow Bus Tours: Yellow Bus Lisbon - See 2,969 traveler reviews, 610 candid photos, and great deals for Lisbon, Portugal, at Tripadvisor. A highlight of any Lisbon sightseeing tour, the 16th-century. Duration of tours: 1 hour and 30 minutes approx. 00pm or contact Yellow Bus Customer Service - (+351) 218 503 225 (9. We have a large network, so you can trust us to take you from your desired. The Lisbon "Big-Bus" map shows all routes of the tourist bus of Lisbon. . Sights of Athens: Hop-on, Hop-Off Bus (4 lines) from. Surf Lesson Bus and Boat Oceanarium + Belém and Modern Lisbon Bus Tour Bus and Tram Taylor's Lisbon Tasting Room Lisbon 3D Fun. Buses in Lisbon run from around 5 am-1 am with 8 night bus services including the route from Marques Pombal metro station to Estacao Fluvial Belem via Cais do Sodre. Tram 28 brings you up and down Lisbon hills to the most historic parts of the city. Reserve. You can hop on from any of the stops. CABS is dedicated to providing clean, reliable, and hassle-free transportation on and around Ohio State’s Columbus Campus. 48h ticket validity. 48 hours. Audioguide. Your single must-have map when traveling across Lisbon. Porto Castles Tour: 2 hours. In the peak summer season, I’d recommend purchasing tickets. Typically 607 buses run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. The trip takes about 90 minutes. Audioguide in 12 languages. Rua de Godim, Nº1, Armazém 4D, 4300-239 Porto, Portugal. It’s also usually a lot less busy at. You can choose based on budget and route. See Lisbon by bus, tram, and boat with a 72-hour or 96-hour, all-access pass that lets you explore the city’s neighborhoods…. Perhaps it was just Greyline. 91. yellowbus@carris. July 15, 1995: Creation of the Blue and Yellow lines by building a second Rotunda station. 48h ticket validity. Lisbon: Hop-On Hop-Off Tour Bus with Three Routes Including Tram. Spend 3 or 4 days exploring the best of Lisbon with tickets for 2 hop-on hop-off bus tours, a historic tram tour and a boat tour of the Tagus River. Enjoy the atmosphere of Lisbon, Porto, Funchal, Braga and Coimbra. 3,142 Reviews. This Lisbon trams map covers all five trams, including tram 28e. Free cancellation. Home; What's New. 00pm) | [email protected], every 60 minutes. Yellow Bus Tour Network Offline Map (PDF) Moovit has an easy-to-download Yellow Bus Tour Network Map, that serves as your offline Lisboa map while traveling. Lisbon to Madrid by bus The bus journey time between Lisbon and Madrid is around 7h 30m and covers a distance of around 627 km. png (1109×594) | Lisbon selection | PinterestCABS. Explore the 10 must-see attractions. 1 Lisbon Oceanarium entry. The Pink route leaves every 30 minutes and the Blue every 20. Up to 1h30 duration tours. from. See all there is in Lisbon with 2 Buses Tours, 1 Tram and 1 Boat Tour. City Tours. Hop-On Hop-Off Bus tour: Belém Lisbon Tour: 9:30am to 4:50pm (every 25 minutes), from 4:50pm to 7pm ( every 45 minutes) Modern Lisbon Tour : 9:30am to 6:30pm (every 45 minutes) Meeting Point. 60) per trip. Yellow Bus Tour YB bus Route Schedule and Stops (Updated) The YB bus (Modern Lisbon Bus Tour) is a circular line with 10 stops departing from Praça Da Figueira. 565. Every 6 to 9 minutes, a metro departs for the city center. Moovit gives you Yellow Bus Tour suggested routes, real-time bus tracker, live directions, line route maps in Lisboa, and helps to find the closest YB bus stops near you. The route differed from the map, but no reason given. From. 16 Fátima. Carris site where you can find all information about public transport to the surface of the city of Lisbon. and 1 a.